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<\/a><\/p>\nCredible evidence indicates that the Saudi-led coalition used banned cluster munitions supplied by the United States in airstrikes against Houthi forces in Yemen, Human Rights Watch said. Cluster munitions pose long-term dangers to civilians and are prohibited by a 2008 treaty adopted by 116 countries, though not\u00a0<\/b>Saudi Arabia<\/b><\/a>,\u00a0<\/b>Yemen<\/b><\/a>, or the\u00a0<\/b>United States<\/b><\/a>.\u00a0<\/b>Photographs, video, and other evidence have emerged since mid-April 2015 indicating that cluster munitions have been used during recent weeks in coalition airstrikes in Yemen\u2019s northern Saada governorate, the traditional Houthi stronghold bordering Saudi Arabia. Human Rights Watch has established through analysis of\u00a0<\/b>satellite imagery<\/b><\/a>\u00a0that the weapons appeared to land on a cultivated plateau, within 600 meters of several dozen buildings in four to six village clusters.<\/b><\/p>\n \u201cSaudi-led cluster munition airstrikes have been hitting areas near villages, putting local people in danger,\u201d said\u00a0<\/b>Steve Goose<\/b><\/a>, arms director at Human Rights Watch. \u201cThese weapons should never be used under any circumstances. Saudi Arabia and other coalition members \u2013 and the supplier, the US \u2013 are flouting the global standard that rejects cluster munitions because of their long-term threat to civilians.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n Cluster munitions contain dozens or hundreds of submunitions. The submunitions are designed to explode after spreading out over a wide area, often the size of a football field, putting anyone in the area at the time of the attack at risk of death or injury. In addition, many submunitions often do not explode, becoming de facto landmines.<\/strong><\/p>\n A\u00a0video<\/b><\/a>\u00a0with no audio uploaded to YouTube on April 17 by the pro-Houthi September 21 YouTube channel shows numerous objects with parachutes slowly descending from the sky. The video zooms out to show a mid-air detonation and several black smoke clouds from other detonations. Human Rights Watch established the location, using satellite imagery analysis, as al-Shaaf in Saqeen, in the western part of Saada governorate. Two local residents of al-Safraa told Human Rights Watch that about 5,000 people normally live in the village. They said they witnessed airstrikes in the area on April 27 in which bombs were delivered by parachute. Human Rights Watch was unable to determine whether they saw another attack using CBU-105 Sensor Fuzed Weapons or one using other types of bombs.\u00a0Human Rights Watch has not been able to obtain information on possible casualties from the attacks.<\/strong><\/p>\n Since March 26, a Saudi-led coalition including Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Qatar, Sudan, and the UAE has conducted numerous airstrikes throughout Yemen against Houthi forces, also known as Ansar Allah, who effectively ousted the government of President Abdu Rabu Mansour Hadi in January. None of these countries have signed the 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions.\u00a0Soon after the airstrikes began, Saudi Arabia denied using cluster munitions in Yemen. At a news conference in Riyadh on March 29, Brig. Gen. al-Assiri told the media, \u201cWe are not using cluster bombs at all.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n According to a<\/strong>\u00a0data sheet<\/b><\/a>\u00a0issued by the Textron Systems Corporation, the CBU-105 disperses 10 BLU-108 canisters that each subsequently release four submunitions that sense, classify, and engage a target such as an armored vehicle, and are equipped with self-destruct and self-deactivation features. The submunitions of the Sensor Fuzed Weapon explode above the ground and project an explosively formed jet of metal and fragmentation downward.\u00a0While the CBU-105 is banned under the Convention on Cluster Munitions, its use is permitted under existing US policy and its export is permitted under existing US export restrictions on cluster munitions.<\/b><\/p>\n In August 2013, the US Department of Defense concluded a<\/strong>\u00a0contract<\/b><\/a>\u00a0for the manufacture of 1,300 CBU-105 Sensor Fuzed Weapons for Saudi Arabia by Textron. The contract stipulated that delivery of the weapons should be completed by December 2015. Human Rights Watch does not know when deliveries began, or if they have finished.\u00a0Additionally, the UAE received an unknown number of CBU-105 from Textron Defense Systems in June 2010, fulfilling a contract\u00a0<\/b>announced<\/b><\/a>\u00a0in November 2007.<\/b><\/p>\n US policy on cluster munitions is detailed in a June 2008<\/strong>\u00a0memorandum<\/b><\/a>\u00a0issued by then-Secretary of Defense Robert Gates. Under the Gates policy, the US can only use or export cluster munitions that \u201cafter arming do not result in more than 1 percent unexploded ordnance across the range of intended operational environments,\u201d and the receiving country must agree that cluster munitions \u201cwill only be used against clearly defined military targets and will not be used where civilians are known to be present or in areas normally inhabited by civilians.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n This policy is most recently codified in section 7054(b) of the Consolidated and Continuing Appropriations Act (HR 83) of 2015. According to<\/strong>\u00a0guidance<\/b><\/a>\u00a0issued by the US Defense Security Cooperation Agency in May 2011, \u201cthe only cluster munition with a compliant submunition [compliant with the reliability standard established by the Gates policy] is the CBU-97B\/CBU-105 Sensor Fuzed Weapon.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n In March 2015, Human Rights Watch\u00a0<\/strong>called on<\/b><\/a>\u00a0all parties to the conflict not to use cluster munitions in the Yemen fighting. Credible\u00a0<\/b>evidence<\/b><\/a>\u00a0showed that Saudi Arabia had dropped cluster bombs in Saada governorate in November 2009 during Yemeni government fighting against the Houthis. Cluster munition remnants from the 2009 airstrikes, including unexploded US-made BLU-97 and BLU-61 submunitions, were reported by a number of sources.<\/b><\/p>\n In addition to the recent transfer of CBU-105, the US provided Saudi Arabia with significant exports of cluster bombs between 1970 and 1999. Saudi Arabia possesses attack aircraft of US and Western\/NATO origin capable of dropping US-made cluster bombs. Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and other countries involved in the conflict in Yemen should ratify the\u00a0<\/strong>Convention on Cluster Munitions.<\/strong><\/p>\n Human Rights Watch chairs the Cluster Munition Coalition US, which in a\u00a0<\/strong>March 30 letter<\/b><\/a>\u00a0to President Barack Obama said that the administration should review the Gates policy, including the exception allowing for cluster munitions resulting in less than 1 percent unexploded ordnance rate.\u00a0\u201cThe Gates policy is providing the US a handy loophole to send cluster munition<\/b>s to countries like Saudi Arabia, which\u00a0shouldn’t\u00a0be using them\u00a0at all,\u201d Goose said.<\/b><\/p>\n Support the Cluster Munition Coalition and join the global movement to eradicate these indiscriminate weapons. \u00a0The cluster bomb ban was achieved because people from around the world took action. It will only be joined and enforced by all countries if individuals and groups around the world come together and demand it.<\/strong><\/p>\n Every country in the world can and should join the Convention on Cluster Munitions. And to accomplish that, we need you! Your voice is needed to speak up and tell governments they\u00a0aren’t\u00a0going to win a war or defend their country with a weapon that kills\u00a0civilians. It is a question of political will and of\u00a0prioritizing\u00a0the protection of civilians over\u00a0using outdated and indiscriminate weapons.<\/strong><\/p>\n ONE SHOE CAMPAIGN:<\/span> VISIT THIS VIDEO TO SEE WHY WE BELIEVE THIS IS AN IMPORTANT ISSUE!<\/strong><\/p>\n https:\/\/youtu.be\/fStdffF99Do<\/a><\/p>\n JOIN US:\u00a0The Cluster Munition Coalition U.S. is\u00a0calling<\/a>\u00a0on President Obama to commit to end U.S. use of clus<\/strong>ter munitions and join the international ban\u00a0as more than 100 nations have done.<\/strong><\/p>\n GO TO http:\/\/www.noclusterbombs.org\/ TO SEE HOW YOU CAN JOIN US IN CALLING FOR THE U.S. TO JOIN THE CONVENTION ON CLUSTER MUNITIONS. Take action now!<\/strong><\/p>\n Tell your government\u00a0to help end the\u00a0death and destruction caused by cluster bombs.\u00a0Help us get the world behind this lifesaving treaty.<\/strong><\/p>\n 1. Find out whether yo<\/strong><\/p>\n ur government has already joined the Convention on Cluster Munitions on our\u00a0Treaty Status Page<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n 2. Download our\u00a0template letters<\/a>\u00a0for supporters to adapt and send to governements asking them ratify or accede to the Convention on Cluster Munitions.<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nAn activist based in the Yemeni capital, Sanaa, provided Human Rights Watch with\u00a0<\/b>photographs<\/b><\/a>\u00a0he received from a resident of Saada governorate, who said he took them on April 17 at the site of an airstrike in the al-Amar area of al-Safraa, 30 kilometers south of the city of Saada. From the photographs, Human Rights Watch identified the remnants of two CBU-105 Sensor Fuzed Weapons manufactured by the Textron Systems Corporation and supplied to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates by the US in recent years. One photograph shows an empty BLU-108 delivery canister, while the other shows a BLU-108 canister with four submunitions still attached to it. The location of the remnants in the photographs is 36 kilometers from where the video was filmed, indicating the possibility of multiple attacks.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
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